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''Sesame Street'' is an American children's television program that is known for its use of format and structure to convey educational concepts to its preschool audience, and to help them prepare for school. It utilizes the conventions of television such as music, humor, sustained action, and a strong visual style,〔 and combines Jim Henson's Muppets, animation, short films, humor, and cultural references. The show, which premiered in 1969, was the first to base its contents, format, and production values on laboratory and formative research. According to researchers, it was also the first to include a curriculum "detailed or stated in terms of measurable outcomes".〔 The format of ''Sesame Street'' consisted of a combination of commercial television production elements and educational techniques. It was the first time a more realistic setting, an inner city street and neighborhood, was used for a children's program.〔 At first, each episode was structured like a magazine, but in 1998, as a result of changes in their audience and its viewing habits, the producers researched the reasons for its lower ratings, and changed the show's structure to a more narrative format. The popular, fifteen-minute long segment, "Elmo's World", hosted by the Muppet Elmo, was added in 1998 to make the show more accessible to a younger audience. The producers of ''Sesame Street'' expanded the new format to the entire show in 2002. ==Original format== The producers of ''Sesame Street, ''which premiered in 1969,'' ''used elements of commercial television such as music, humor, sustained action, and a strong visual style, in structuring the format of the show.〔 They also used animation and live-action short films.〔 The show's staff produced segments filmed in-studio with their human and Muppet cast and they contracted out the animations and short films〔For ''Sesame Street'', "films" meant segments that depicted humans or real animals instead of animated characters. Morrow reported that films depicting animals were more popular than the ones with humans (Morrow, pp. 91, 92).〕 to independent producers.〔〔Animations made up 37 percent of an episode, films made up 17 percent, and Muppet segments 20 percent. (Morrow, pp. 89, 92, 94).〕 Jim Henson was one of the many producers to create short films for the show.〔 Co-creator Joan Ganz Cooney was the first to suggest that they use commercial-like 12–90-second shorts that consistently repeated several key concepts throughout an episode.〔 The studio segments were written to concentrate on the African-American child, a key component of the show's audience.〔 The show's producers and writers decided to build the new show around a brownstone on an inner-city street, a choice writer Michael Davis called "unprecedented".〔 They reproduced their viewers' neighborhoods—as writer Cary O'Dell described it, "a realistic city street, complete with peeling paint, alleys, front stoops, and metal trash cans along the sidewalk".〔 Director Jon Stone was convinced that in order for inner-city children to relate to ''Sesame Street'', the show had to be set in a familiar place.〔〔The set has changed many times during its history to better reflect the changing experiences of the show's young viewers (Gikow, p. 212).〕 Despite its urban setting, the producers depicted the world in a positive way—both realistically and as it could be.〔 They attempted to present "an idealized world of learning and play",〔 and from a child's perspective. Director Jim Martin called ''Sesame Street'' "an urban show kids could relate to" and "a reality show with a sprinkling of fantasy".〔 When ''Sesame Street'' was developed, most researchers assumed that young children did not have long attention spans, so the new show's producers were concerned that an hour-long show would not hold their audience's attention. As a result, each episode was structured like a magazine, which made it possible for the producers to create a mixture of styles, paces, and characters. The structure allowed them to have flexibility, meaning that segments were dropped, modified, or added without affecting the rest of the show.〔 As Lesser stated, "It is unlikely that any other approach would have provided enough room to present material on the wide range of goals we had selected".〔 Producers found that if the show's segments were sufficiently varied in character, content, style, pace, and mood, children's attention was able to be sustained throughout each episode.〔 The show's magazine format accommodated both the curriculum and its demanding production schedule.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Format of Sesame Street」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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